根部施药防治青桐木虱

采用根部施药防治青桐木虱,是一种行之有效的施药方法,具有操作简便、防治效果高、对环境污染小的特点。树干直径10 cm左右的青桐树,用10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂4-8 g.株^-1,根际施药或根冠施药,对青桐木虱的防治效果良好,药后5 d相对防效均达90%以上,且持效期较长。     

不同施肥模式对黑麦草根际土壤氮转化相关酶的影响

采用大田试验方法,研究了不同施肥模式下种植黑麦草对根际土壤氮转化相关土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:采用50%的N由有机肥提供,50%的N由尿素提供的施肥模式时,黑麦草根际土壤脲酶、硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶活性最强,黑麦草地上部产量最高。     

生活污水浇灌对奶白菜根际酶活性和地上生物量的影响

采用盆栽法,设置不同生活污水浇灌水平,对奶白菜根际脲酶、转化酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响进行了测定,同时测定了最终单株鲜重.结果表明,随着奶白菜的生长,所有处理的酶活性均有增加,但在增加幅度和方式上有一定的差异;转化酶活性增加显示出较复杂的变化态势;不同处理磷酸酶活性差异随着时间增大;过氧化氢酶活性除处理B和处理C之间的酶活性始终相似外,其他处理之间的酶活性差异都随着时间增加.除处理C和处理B及处理D的地上鲜重差异不显著外,其他任何2个处理间的地上部分鲜重都差异显著.     

防风根际微生物区系和土壤酶活性的变化研究

研究了1年生和2年生防风根际土壤微生物区系和酶活性的变化规律.结果表明:随着防风生长年限的延长,其根际土壤中微生物总量有所降低,根际土壤细菌和真菌显著降低,放线菌略有升高,原有的细菌种群优势逐渐被放线菌所替代;反硝化细菌、氨化细菌、厌气性纤维素分解菌、好气性固氮菌、厌气性固氮菌等呈增长趋势,其中2年生防风根际土壤的反硝化细菌、氨化细菌和好气性同氮菌数量分别是对照土未种植防风地块土壤的5.77倍、9.01倍、14.13倍,硝化细菌数量显著减少,好气性纤维素分解菌数量先增后减、总体锐减;过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性降低,蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性先急剧上升后缓慢降低.     

怀山药根际土壤微生物、酶活性和酚酸物质变化及其关系研究

对不同生育期怀山药根际土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性及酚酸物质的变化及其交互作用进行研究。结果表明：怀山药在其生长发育过程中,根际土壤中酚酸物质的含量和土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌数量均呈显著升高趋势,且根茎膨大速度越快时上升趋势越明显;根际细菌绝对数量一直占根际土壤微生物的80%左右,并呈增长趋势;过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、蛋白酶活性逐渐增强,蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、脲酶活性呈下降趋势;根际土壤中酚酸物质的含量与根际土壤中微生物的含量和多数土壤酶活性呈显著相关性。     

淡紫拟青霉PL050705菌株的根际定殖及对根际真菌群落结构影响

室内平板法测定了生防菌淡紫拟青霉（Paecilomyces lilacinus）PL050705菌株对柑橘慢衰病株根际主要真菌的拮抗能力,PL050705菌株对测试真菌均具有强的拮抗能力。田间试验的清水对照（ck）、PL050705+虾壳粉（p+p）、PL050705（p）、灭线磷（e）4个处理组中,p+p、p的处理组PL050705在柑橘根系周年均以保持高定殖量;p+p处理组PL050705菌株的B-P优势度指数周年保持较稳定高水平（0.444～0.526）, p处理组PL050705菌株的B-P优势度指数周年呈下降状态（0.590～0.256）;根际土壤真菌多样性指数(Shannon-Wienner指数)分别是p+p>p>ck>e。实验表明PL050705菌株具有良好拮抗与根际定殖能力,特别是与虾壳粉混合施用情况下,能周年保持种群优势度,并提高土壤真菌种群多样性。     

苹果根区土壤镰刀菌对再植砧木苗生长的影响

对渭北旱地苹果园中果树根区水平方向0～200 cm、垂直方向0～80 cm范围内土壤中镰刀菌数量的变化进行了采集研究分析,并结合盆栽砧木苗试验,观测不同根区土壤再植砧木生长发育状况.结果表明,镰刀菌数量随着离树干距离增加逐渐减少,而根区40～60 cm土层内镰刀菌的数量最多;重茬土中镰刀菌的数量明显高于大田,在重茬土中的砧木苗长势相对大田的弱,表现出重茬障碍的症状;镰刀菌数量多的根区盆栽砧木苗生长发育差,通过相关性分析可知,镰刀菌数量与再植砧木的生长发育存在一定的相关性.     

Study the Effects of Siderophore-Producing Bacteria on Zinc and Phosphorous Nutrition of Canola and Maize Plants

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are soil bacteria that are able to colonize rhizosphere and to enhance plant growth by means of a wide variety of mechanisms. In the present study, Myristica yunnanensis and Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga strains were recognized as new records in Iran flora. According to the results, these strains significantly affected plants’ zinc and phosphorous contents which could be due to the production of phytosiderophore. Siderophore-producing bacteria increased canola zinc (Zn) content as strategy-I plant, while in maize, it can be said that probably the effect of phytosiderophore produced by plant on increasing root and shoot Zn content was more than siderophore produced by bacteria. These isolates could be used as bio-input for improving the plant productivity as a substitute to chemical fertilizers and also to correct the nutrient deficiencies in canola and maize for sustainable agriculture.     

冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系中不同施氮水平对玉米生长及其根际土壤氮的影响

在河北衡水潮土上进行田间试验,以当地习惯高氮用量(小麦季施N 300 kg/hm2,玉米季施N 240 kg/hm2)为对照,研究冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系中减少氮肥用量对玉米季植株生长、氮素吸收及根际土壤中无机氮与微生物量氮的影响。结果表明,两季作物氮肥施用量减少25%和40%,对玉米产量、生物量及植株体内氮累积量未产生明显影响,氮肥利用率提高。不同氮肥施用量对根际和非根际土壤铵态氮含量的影响不显著;减少氮肥施用量,对玉米根际土壤硝态氮含量也没有明显影响。在玉米苗期、抽雄期和成熟期,习惯高施氮量处理的非根际土壤硝态氮含量较高,其中抽雄期,非根际土壤硝态氮含量较氮肥减施40%用量处理高出近一倍,但非根际土壤微生物量氮水平含量明显降低。氮肥减施未影响根际土壤微生物量碳、氮含量,反而增加了非根际土壤微生物量碳、氮水平。在高肥力的潮土上,冬小麦/夏玉米轮作体系中适当减施氮肥并未影响玉米根际土壤氮素水平,可保证玉米稳产,实现减氮增效。     

Influence of rotation system on siderophere-producing microorganism(SPM) in rhizosphere soil of southern China

Soil siderophores are important for crop growth,benefit ferric iron absorption of root,and are affected by cropping patterns.The objective of this study was to evaluate the quantity of siderophores in soil of 2 continuous crop rotation patterns over 30 years in Anren country,China.Quantity and siderophore-producing capability of microorganisms in rice-riceoilseed rape(DDY)rotation and rice-rice(DD)rontinuous cropping rhizosphere soil were tested and analyzed by chrome azurol S method.Isolated strains were used to identify siderophore-producing microorganism(SPM)by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing.Results showed that 9 siderophore-producing bacteria strains were isolated from DDY rhizosphere soil while 7 strains were identified from DD rhizosphere soil.The mean solubility index which representing siderophore-producing capability of strains was 3.05.PCR amplification results indicated that bacterial were the major SPM in soil.This research indicates that crop rotation systems could drive microorganisms to produce siderophores and enrich them in bacterial communities.